MOTIVATION AND GOAL SETTING

Motivation is the process that initiates, controls and sustains goal oriented behaviours. Motivation is what makes us act, whether it is learning how to play football for pleasure or reading a book to gain knowledge. Motivation is often used to describe why a person does something. For example you may be so motivated that you struggle hard to get into the course that you always wanted to study.

Motivation is of two types: external and internal. External motivation is a reward or a social achievement or something that encourages us to do our best, for example, the gold medal at the end of the course or the trophy in a reality show. Most people get externally motivated to do the best that they can. Internal motivation is our own happiness or satisfaction in doing a job well, which may not earn us a medal or a trophy. Very few people are internally motivated even through this is the better form of motivation. When the reward is removed, the external motivation vanishes. Since there is no reward for internal motivation, this type of motivation never disappears. As the Bhagavad Gita says one should focus on the task, and not desire the result (reward).

Setting one's goals is imperative to achieving something in life. Of course, goals are normally culture specific and this cannot be helped. However, defining one's goals within one's set of circumstances and one's abilities is important in carving out a successful future. Always keep the realistic picture in mind; it is not always possible to reach the moon. We need to keep our goals within possible limits due to several reasons. If you keep goals unbelievably high, then the sense of failure and disappointment will be even greater and longer lasting. Therefore, make your goals in such a way that they are embedded within real circumstances.

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CONSONANTS

Consonants are produced when there is either a closure or narrowing of the air passage in the oral cavity. For example, /t/ is pronounced with the front of the tongue pushing against the palate. The 24 consonants in English are listed below: Consonants are further classified in terms of how the sounds are made: Plosives: Plosive sounds are produced when the vocal tract is blocked, building up air pressure, and then the air stream is abruptly released. Fricatives: In the production of fricatives, airstream is directed through a narrow construction in the vocal tract. Nasals: In the production of nasal sounds, air flows through the nasal cavity. Affricates: Affricates begin as stops and conclude as fricatives. Consonant Clusters : Consonant clusters are groups of two or more consonants sounds that come before, after or between vowel sounds. Look at a few examples below:

ROOT FORMS OF WORDS

The process of making new words from a base or root from (or the most basic form of a word, without anything attached to it, which you will find in a dictionary) is known as word formation, and understanding how this works will help us build our vocabulary by deriving many new words according to our needs. Many words that we use come from a root word. If we disconnect prefixes and suffixes, the root can be identified. A little digging will uncover just what the root word really means. For example, in a word such as 'bicycle', the root what is 'cycle'. Since English is a derivational language, it has borrowed many words from other languages especially from Greek and Latin roots. (A 'root' is a form of a word from which other words are derived using affixes.) For example, pater (or patr) is a Latin word which means 'father'. It serves as root for English words such as 'patriarch', 'patrimony', 'patron', etc. DETERMINING A R

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

In our day to day life, we have to communicate with one another for our needs. lnterpersonal skills are the most necessary skills in life as we cannot interact or communicate with other people in groups or individually without them. It is found that most organisations and individuals who achieved success have used these interpersonal skills better than others. These skills are not only useful at workplaces but also in one's personal and social lives where you could reap good results in comparison with others who never use interpersonal skills at the right time at the right place. People who have good interpersonal skills are mostly perceived as optimistic, claim, confident, charismatic, dynamic and possessing good leadership qualities. The following are the the characteristics of interpersonal skills: fluent verbal communication good nonverbal communication positive thinking negotiation ability listening ability problem solving skills stress management

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