INTRODUCING ONESELF IN FORMAL OR SOCIAL CONTEXTS

Listen to the following dialogues in which people greet one another, take leave and introduce themselves and others. Note the language used to perform these functions.

Formal

(It is Rafiq's first day at work. He introduces himself to Janet, the head of his department.)
Rafiq : Good morning, ma'am. I am Rafiq Ahmad. I joined today and was asked to report to you.
Janet : Good morning, Rafiq. I am pleased to meet you. Welcome to Magna Publications. It will be nice having you in the department.
Rafiq : Thank you. I look forward to working here.

(It is a meeting that Anand is attending. He meets the Chairman of company that he has recently joined.)
Chairman : I am pleased to meet you. I understand you have joined recently.
Anand : I am pleased to meet you too. Yes, I am Anand, and I have joined the information technology cell.
Chairman : I hope you have been having a pleasant introduction to our nature of work.

Anand : Yes, I have been enjoying it. Thank you.

(Janet introduces Rafiq, a new employee, to Aruna, another employee in the company.)
Janet : Aruna, I'd like to introduce Mr Rafiq Ahmad to you. He's our new production assistant. Rafiq, this is Ms Aruna Jain, one of our editors.
Aruna : Hello, Rafiq. Glad to meet you.
Rafiq : Nice to meet you too, Ms Jain.
Aruna : You can call me Aruna. We use first names here.

Social

(Vishal is at a wedding reception. He introduces himself to Jacob, his sister's classmate.)
Vishal : Hello. I am Vishal, Smita's brother.
Jacob : Hi, Vishal! Nice to meet you.
Vishal : Nice to meeting you too.

(Gita meets her neighbour Girish at a restaurant. She introduces him to her cousin Deepti, who is with her.)
Gita : Hi, Girish. What a pleasant surprise!
Girish : Hi. I am meeting my friends here. It's Tony's birthday.
Gita : Girish, I don't think you've met my cousin Deepti. She's come from Kolkata on a short visit. Deepti, this is Girish, our neighbour. He is studying economics at Nagpur University.
Deepti : That's nice. Pleased to meet you, Girish.
Girish : Nice to meet you too.

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CONSONANTS

Consonants are produced when there is either a closure or narrowing of the air passage in the oral cavity. For example, /t/ is pronounced with the front of the tongue pushing against the palate. The 24 consonants in English are listed below: Consonants are further classified in terms of how the sounds are made: Plosives: Plosive sounds are produced when the vocal tract is blocked, building up air pressure, and then the air stream is abruptly released. Fricatives: In the production of fricatives, airstream is directed through a narrow construction in the vocal tract. Nasals: In the production of nasal sounds, air flows through the nasal cavity. Affricates: Affricates begin as stops and conclude as fricatives. Consonant Clusters : Consonant clusters are groups of two or more consonants sounds that come before, after or between vowel sounds. Look at a few examples below:

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MOTIVATION AND GOAL SETTING

Motivation is the process that initiates, controls and sustains goal oriented behaviours. Motivation is what makes us act, whether it is learning how to play football for pleasure or reading a book to gain knowledge. Motivation is often used to describe why a person does something. For example you may be so motivated that you struggle hard to get into the course that you always wanted to study. Motivation is of two types: external and internal. External motivation is a reward or a social achievement or something that encourages us to do our best, for example, the gold medal at the end of the course or the trophy in a reality show. Most people get externally motivated to do the best that they can. Internal motivation is our own happiness or satisfaction in doing a job well, which may not earn us a medal or a trophy. Very few people are internally motivated even through this is the better form of motivation. When the reward is removed, the external motivation vanishes. Since there...

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